Tasting Parma Part Three: Prosciutto di Parma

The town of Langhirano serves up two special things. The first is the Castle of Torrechiara which I saw off in the distance on my way to the even bigger attraction - a salumificio, a place where prosciutto (along with other pork products) is produced. The castle is by far the prettier of the two attractions, but it is the production of prosciutto that really defines this town set in the hills near the city of Parma. And prosciutto is what I came to see on this, the final stop on my tour of the foods of Parma.

The first thing I learned during my visit to the Salumificio Conti was to never, ever refer to the product produced here as simply “prosciutto”. Prosciutto is a generic term for a non-smoked, air-dried ham either crudo (raw) or cotto (cooked). It is produced in several regions and is not a protected product name. The delicacy produced in this family owned salumifico is anything but generic. It is known by its full name - Prosciutto di Parma. This special, high quality type of prosciutto crudo is only produced in this region and under strict regulation. It is a controlled process, a quality tested end-product, and bears a DOP designation (in English its PDO, Protected Designation of Origin). Calling it plain old proscuitto just won’t do!

First, a little bit about the Salumificio Conti. The Conti family came to this part of Italy some 200 years ago, working the land and raising animals. In 1968, two of the Conti brothers founded the salumificio and learned the process of curing ham. Today the family does not raise the pigs themselves, they buy the hind legs of specially bred pigs (the types of pigs are part of the DOP regulations). Today the production is completely run by the women of the family, Mariangela and her three daughters, Michaela, Francesca, and Daniela. They do everything from minding the storefront, giving the tours, providing the tastings, and supervising the handling of the meat from raw hind leg to finished product. I have to think that their touch makes the meat ever so much tastier. To learn more about the history of the salumificio, there is a small museum on site with photos, old tools, and a timeline of the evolution of this family business.

The hills around Langhirano have a microclimate that contributes to the unique flavor of Prosciutto di Parma.

So, just what makes Prosciutto di Parma so special? Of course, it begins with the pigs (with apologies here to my vegetarian friends). Not just any pig will do. These are Italian born and bred pigs who are monitored from birth and must be at least 9 months old, weighing around 160 kg before they can begin to become Prosciutto di Parma. Each is even tattooed with the “parma crown”. They are fed a specific diet, which includes the whey that is a by-product of the production of parmesan cheese (another famous local product). This contributes to the flavor of the finished product, which is deeper in flavor and less sweet than other types of prosciutto.

Another factor is that this is a completely natural product. Salt is the only seasoning used in producing Prosciutto di Parma. There are no additives or preservatives added to the meat. In fact, our tour guide emphasized that the magic combination was pig + salt + sea breezes + time. It sounds simple enough, but the process is still quite involved.

Sea salt is the only seasoning added to the raw pork (photo from Conti website)

The hind legs arrive at the facility and are weighed. If too large, they are used for other products (such as Culatello and Fiocco, both of which have added spices and different methods of production). Next, the legs receive a good massage with sea salt crystals. Originally done by hand, today there is a machine for this part of the process. The next step in the curing process is cold storage in high humidity. The legs are first laid flat, to provide a bigger surface for salt absorbtion and to give the classic flattened shape. Later, they are hung in the same cold storage for 60-90 days.

Next, comes the sea breeze part. The legs are hung from large wooden frames in a low humidity environment for several months. In the past they were actually outside on the roof top so as to catch the sea air. Health regulations prevent that open air drying these days, but the drying rooms have screens to let in the sea breeze. It’s an essential part of the process!

Outdoor aging to catch the sea breeze the way it was done in the past. Today this step in aging is done indoors with screens to let in the sea air.

The white coating on the cut end of the leg is the sugna, it prevents the meat from drying out and keeps it soft.

The legs are coated in sugna, a mixture of lard, salt, pepper, and rice flour).

The purpose of this mixture is to seal the meat and soften the cut surface. It is not absorbed and does not contribute to the flavor.

Last step - to the aging cellar. Here the meat rests for at least 12 months.

At the end of the period of aging, an inspector from the local consortium arrives to certify the meat. What an interesting process that is!

A needle like device made from the bone of a horse is used to puncture the prosciutto in several places. This type of bone picks up scent easily and the inspector sniffs the bone to determine if the meat has spoiled or is good. If it passes inspection it is branded with the Parma Crown and the number assigned to the producer.

This aged Prosciutto di Parma is branded with the Parma Crown, signifying it has passed inspection.

During the long process of aging, the producer is never quite sure how much of the meat produced will be good. This factor contributes to the cost of DOP certified Prosciutto di Parma.

After the tour we were treated to a tasting which included both Prosciutto di Parma (silky, almost buttery smooth, and exquisitely flavorful) along with some of the other pork products produced at Conti (delicious). Of course there was some wine too!

My Parma food tour was arranged by the company Get Your Guide. It was a well organized and fun way to see three places in a single day and learn about the production of Parmigiano Reggiano (Part One of this 3 part post) and Aceto Balsamico (Part Two). Of course Parma has much more to offer than just food. Look for more of Parma in future posts.

Contacts:

Salumificio Conti website: contiproscuitti.it

Get Your Guide website: getyourguide.com. (there’s also a helpful app)

Tasting Parma (Part One)

The Emilia-Romagna region of Italy is famous for many things – the University of Bologna (founded in the year 1088 and still going strong), art, architecture, museums, beautiful landscapes, resorts along the Adriatic coast, and expensive automobiles (think Maseratis and Ferraris).   But even with all of these riches, Emilia-Romagna is perhaps most celebrated for its food.  

Tortellini in brodo - a specialty of Bologna

 The production of local specialty foods goes from field to table in this region of Italy.  Wheat, corn, vegetables, fruit and grapes are important crops (yes, I know grapes are fruit but really, they deserve a category of their own, don’t you think?).  And then there are the pigs!  This region is home to some of the world’s finest, make that tastiest, pigs.  

These products give rise to many of the dishes that define Italian cuisine – filled pastas, tasty sauces, wonderful cured meats, local wines like Lambrusco and Pignoletto, world-famous cheese and exquisite balsamic vinegar.  Food is practically religion in this part of Italy and Bologna, Modena and Parma comprise the geographic holy trinity. Consider me una pellegrina (a pilgrim). With culinary pilgrimage in mind, I recently ventured to Parma to learn about some of the regions famous products – Parmigiano Reggiano (parmesan), Proscuitto di Parma (#1 lesson, don’t call this ham!) and Aceto Balsamico (the real deal balsamic vinegar for which there simply is no substitute).

The combination of perfectly ripe melon and salty Prosciutto di Parma is a flavor superstar during the summer season

I figured that there were two ways to learn about these local delicacies  – tasting them and visiting the places where each is produced.  And so I set off to do both.

Finding good Parmigiano Reggiano and Prosciutto di Parma to taste is simple, in fact it is hard to find a meal in Parma that doesn’t include one or the other of these.  If there is a form of Stendahl syndrome for food, surely this region is where the affliction is likely to occur.

Walk past any bar at lunch, aperitivo time, or dinner and you are sure to spot a plate of thinly sliced prosciutto alongside a basket of bread.  Chunks of parmigiano are often served accompanied by a drizzle of intense balsamic vinegar. If you happen to visit in summer, look for ripe slices of cantaloupe wrapped in soft, almost buttery tasting, slices of locally produced prosciutto.

My tasting journey began with my very first lunch in Parma.  The English language menu said “toast with ham” (why did they give me the English menu?).   What arrived was quite a bit more complex - crisp wedges of warm crusty bread topped with paper thin slices of Proscuitto di Parma and a soft, melty stracchino cheese. This was paired with a glass of slightly fizzy pignoletto wine.  Oh my. This is the best kind of research.

Focaccia with Prosciutto di Parma and stracchino cheese. Delicious!

 The parmigiano tastings came at several dinners with a variety of filled pastas topped with generous sprinkles of cheese and one lovely salad of arugula with steak topped with big shavings of parmigiano.  Each was a perfect compliment to the dish it topped.  

The cheese maker uses a spino to stir the granules that will eventually become parmesan cheese.

 Next up, a food tour arranged by Get Your Guide.  This was supposed to be a group tour, but ended up just being myself and my traveling companion (the benefit of off-season travel).   Our driver collected us near our hotel and off we went.  First stop, the Caseificio Ugolotti, a family run dairy that has been producing parmigiano cheese using traditional methods since 1930.  There we observed (and smelled) all the steps in the production of Parmigiano Reggiano cheese.  The process begins by combining skim milk collected from local, carefully fed cows the previous evening with the morning’s collection of whole milk.  1000 liters of milk is needed to produce just two wheels of cheese!
Rennet is added to begin the process of curd formation.  This takes place in deep copper-lined vats.  As granules begin to form, the expert cheese maker, clad in heavy boots and a rubber apron, breaks the granules up with a long whisk-like tool called a spino.  We watched as the cheese masters moved from one vat to the next, wielding their spini in a slow motion ritual which has barely changed over the years.

Next, the milk is heated (temperature is key) and the granules slowly sink to the bottom of the vat, forming a mass.  It surprised me to see the cheesemakers repeatedly dipping their fingers into the vats, but the guide explained that their trained hands could tell by feel when the granules were heated just enough and starting to form a loose mass which looks a lot like cottage cheese.

This loose mass is the next step in the formation of parmesan cheese

The mass (which becomes quite large and heavy) is then lifted from the vat in a canvas sling (look for a video of this on the Two Parts Italy Facebook page). Each mass is cut in half and each half placed in a round mold. The mold creates the classic shape of a wheel of parmesan and presses markings into each wheel. The markings include a code which gives information about the date of production and the dairy.  The leftover liquid (whey) is drained and used for animal feed (including for those special pigs which will become prosciutto).

This is how a wheel of Parmigiano Reggiano is born!

After a few day’s rest in the molds, the rounds of cheese are transferred to another room and placed into a salt water bath. There they are turned twice daily while they slowly absorb some of the sea salt.  This is how the cheese gets its salty flavor. Milk, rennet, and sea salt are the only ingredients used in the production of Parmigiano Reggiano cheese. Plus a little sprinkle of magic I think!

Resting in the saltwater bath. Turning them frequently moves the exposed upper part of the wheel into the salt water bath.

Next, the cheese must age for at least 12 months in a temperature controlled room.  To prevent mold from forming during this time the wheels of cheese are washed and brushed periodically.  Historically done by hand, today there are machines for this process.  

The aging room at Caseficio Ugolotti. The empty oval space on the wheel of cheese shows that it has not yet been inspected.

After aging, the cheese is inspected by an official inspector who uses a hammer to tap the wheels of cheese.  Based on the sound, the inspector grades the cheese and certifies the quality.  If a wheel of cheese fails inspection it cannot be sold for human consumption. The mark within the oval shows that the wheel has been approved by the inspector.

I have often wondered about the high price for a really good wedge of Parmigiano Reggiano. Seeing this labor intensive process gave me a new appreciation for the cost.  It now seems like a bargain to me!    

At the end of the tour we entered the tasting room. There, we sampled cheeses of different ages (12, 18, and 24 months). Each had a different texture, color and flavor, developed during aging. The chunks of cheese were served with a bit of balsamic vinegar, some bread, and a glass of white wine.  

A sample platter at Caseficio Ugolotti. The cheeses are Parmigiano Reggiano of 12, 18, and 24 months. A bit of balsamic vinegar drizzled over each piece compliments the flavor.

Caseficio Ugolotti was just the first stop on our food tour. It was fun, informative, and very tasty.  Still to come were stops at an artisanal producer of balsamic vinegar and a producer of Prosciutto di Parma. More on those stops in the next post.