The Many Meanings of "Orange" in Italy

It’s funny how the meaning of a word can change depending on language and context.

In English, the word orange can mean either the color or the fruit. In Italian it is a little more complicated. The fruit is arancia, the orange tree is arancio, and the color is arancione.

Winter is the season for arance (oranges, plural) in this part of northern Italy. They grow bright and juicy on big trees or on smaller trees in large terra-cotta pots.. There is even one growing in a small piazza in Lucca, appropriately named the Piazza dell’Arancio (top photo).

This large orange tree grows a few steps from my house. In the background is the Torre Guinigi (Guinigi Tower).

More interesting, and with deeper meaning, is what the word arancione has come to mean in terms of risk throughout Italy. Again, it has more than one meaning, both of which carry a warning.

Stormy weather ahead !

An “allerta meteo codice arancione” (code orange weather alert) is used when storms threaten with dangerous conditions (heavy rain, wind, hail, thunderstorms, floods, etc). We’ve seen a lot of that this winter. The area where I live has a system that automatically sends a text warning when orange weather conditions are predicted. There are also a less severe yellow (giallo) warnings and more severe red (rosso) alerts for weather. It definitely gets my attention when my phone beeps with one of these messages.

The newest meaning of arancione, and the one that gets the most reaction from me, relates to COVID restrictions.

The colors are the same as for weather - giallo (yellow, least restrictive), arancione (more restrictive including no indoor seating in bars and restaurants, closure of museums, and no travel outside of one’s home city), and rosso (red, most restrictive, stay home except for essential activities).

After about 5 weeks in the yellow zone, Tuscany was placed back into the orange zone on February 14th. The change was due to an increase in COVID cases and the threat associated with several COVID variants which have now arrived in Tuscany. The word arancione is definitely a trigger for me in this context, a less than happy color. But still preferable to the color red!

On a much happier orange note, I was delighted to receive a gift of some preserved orange slices just after the holidays. They went a long way towards restoring my appreciation for the word orange.

Dried oranges make a beautiful display at Gino Bistro in Lucca

In a clear gift bag, tied with a ribbon, were glistening rounds of blood oranges, glazed with sugar and slightly dried. Beautiful to look at, but I had no idea how to use them. The friend who gave them to me suggested they would be wonderful in a cup of tea. She was right and that has become a cold weather evening ritual for me. She also suggested using them in a hot toddy. A hot toddy! What a perfect way to warm up on a stormy winter evening. It is said that hot toddies might even have medicinal properties - perhaps one will scare away any lingering viral particles.

The search was on for a recipe and there were endless varieties. A true toddy starts with alcohol - bourbon, Irish whisky, rum or brandy. The common theme seems to be a dark colored liquor as opposed to clear ones like vodka or gin. Next comes a sweetener. Most often that is honey but some recipes use white or brown sugar, simple syrup, or (my personal favorite) maple syrup. Lemon is the next typical ingredient but here is where I substituted those beautiful rounds of preserved orange. I’ve tried it both ways and found that I like the orange slices even better than a fresh lemon slice. To my mind, using Italian preserved blood orange slices makes this it an Italian hot toddy, even if I could not find a translation for the word toddy in any of my Italian dictionaries.

To the above ingredients some boiling water or black tea is added - that’s what puts the hot in hot toddy. Those are the essential ingredients but there are many extra “add-ins” - cinnamon sticks, cloves, star anise, ginger, even chile. The variations are endless.

I was happy with the following very easy recipe: In a small mug (a 6 ounce coffee mug works perfectly) combine: 2 tablespoons of dark rum and 1 tablespoon of maple syrup. Add 1 slice of dried, sugar glazed orange and muddle it a bit to release the flavor. Next, fill the mug with boiling water or hot black tea and add 1 cinnamon stick. Using water makes the rum flavor more prominent, using tea mellows the taste of the rum. I like it both ways. Simple, tasty, and guaranteed to warm you up on a cold evening, especially if you are in the orange COVID zone with an orange alert storm howling outside.

Orange spiced hot toddy - che buono !

Outdoor Sculpture in Florence

The city of Florence is a gift, one I can receive time after time and find just as thrilling as I did on my first visit more than 20 years ago. There is so much to see - cathedrals, small churches, bridges, museums, architecture, hills, and beautiful Tuscan skies. Usually all of these things are enjoyed while simultaneously dealing with (and grumbling about) large groups of tourists. However, this past year has been a bit different (in so many ways) and with fewer people about, there is little competition for close-up views of Florence’s wonderful art and architecture. Even better if, like me, sculpture is one of your favorite art forms. On my last visit I was happy to just wander, never even entering a museum. Instead, I spent my time immersed in the beauty of the many outdoor sculptures and statues in Florence.
It’s impossible to see all of Florence’s sculptural wonders in one visit, but described below is a walk that I love which includes some of my Florentine favorites. And although right now travel is impossible for many of us - I can’t even go to Florence from my home an hour away in Lucca due to our most recent COVID restrictions - I hope this walk is a path we might all enjoy on a future trip to this special city.

The walk begins north of the Duomo in Piazza SS Annunziata (named for the church at the north end). When in Florence I always try to make time for this church. While the rest of my walk across Florence is outdoors, inside this church is one of the loveliest tomb monuments I’ve ever seen. How graceful, and sad, is this woman who keeps eternal watch over the tomb of a loved one? A stop here is a great way to begin a sculpture walk.

A tomb monument inside the church of SS Annunziata, Florence

In the piazza in front of the church are two fountains featuring sculptures of mythical creatures (by the artist Pietro Tacca) as well as a massive bronze statue of Ferdinand I on horseback (by Giambologna). If you look closely, you’ll also see a series of round della Robbia pieces above the arches of the Ospedale degli Innocenti (you can see one above and to the right of the fountain in the photo below).

Next stop - the Duomo, where the sculptures include both large statues and countless small, detailed sculptures adorning the facade and doorways.

On my last visit I did not approach them with an eye toward the historical significance of each piece - who is that saint? that pope? that angel? (for that it is better to visit the Duomo museum) but rather just with an appreciation for the craftsmanship and beauty of the work.

The intricacy of the carvings, the stunning colors, the gracefulness of the faces, they way they are placed on the colorful facade - what a display of artistry.

A much smaller, but equally beautiful sculpture. Many of these small marble figures surround the doorways and windows of the cathedral.

After spending time at the Duomo, the walk continues to the Piazza della Signoria and the Loggia dei Lanzi, full of famous statues including a scaled-down reproduction of Michelangelo’s David and the fascinating but brutal Rape of the Sabines by Giambologna.

Walking further towards the river Arno, at the far end of the piazza, is the Fountain of Neptune. Statues are wonderful, but a statue that is also part of a large fountain is fantastic (especially is you happen to visit on a warm day).

The Fountain of Neptune, Florence

Wandering past the Palazzo Vecchio and along the Uffizi courtyard are a series of statues of famous artists, scientists, and literary giants. From left to right below: Cellini, DaVinci, and Donatello.

Walking across the Ponte Vecchio, there is a bust of Cellini. He was a master goldsmith, as well as an artist and writer. He may have been a bit of a troublemaker, but he’s a home town boy and it is fitting to honor him on the bridge where today so much of the Florentine gold is sold.

The inscription reads: Benvenuto Cellini Maestro Gli Orafi di Firenze

Across the Ponte Vecchio, the walk comes to an end. For me, the perfect ending to a wander through Florence’s outdoor sculptures is a lunch “oltrarno” at the restaurant 4 Leone. After all, fabulous food is another Italian art form!

From My Italian Kitchen: Crostini with Tuscan Bean Spread

Beans have a starring role in Tuscan cuisine. So much so that the Tuscan people are sometimes referred to (not always meant kindly) as “mangiafagioli” or bean eaters. The cannellini, a small white bean, is a staple. It appears in many dishes - soups, pastas (pasta e fagioli is a classic), as a contorno (side dish) to meat dishes, as well as in salads.

These little boxes of already cooked cannellini are a staple in my kitchen.

Cannellini are also the main ingredient in a popular appetizer - a flavor-packed white bean spread used to top slices of crostini (toasted bread). The dish is called crostini con fagioli bianchi in Italian.

There are many variations of this recipe, some use whole beans and some mashed, some begin with dried beans and others take a shortcut and use already cooked beans available in cans or little boxes. Because I’m a bit pigra (lazy), I never bother with the dried beans for this recipe. The pre-cooked ones work just great.

Though other ingredients may vary, most all recipes flavor the beans with garlic and olive oil.

It is such a simple topping but tastes heavenly on toasted and oiled slices of bread. It’s especially nice in winter when fresh, wonderfully ripe tomatoes (another popular topping for crostini) are not available.

Just a few simple ingredients are needed for a flavorful Tuscan White Bean Spread

The last time I made Tuscan White Bean Spread I amped up the flavor by using roasted garlic instead of the usual chopped raw garlic. The roasted garlic added a nice depth of flavor and less of the strong tang and aftertaste that comes with raw garlic. I think I will always make it this way! I also like using lime juice instead of the more traditional lemon juice, but either works well.

This spread goes very well alongside some flavorful green or black olives, Tuscan-style salami, or marinated little round red peppers stuffed with tuna. Put those all together and you have a complete Italian aperitivo. Just add some friends and a bottle of prosecco!

Note: I wrote the above exactly one year ago after I made the bean spread for what was to be (though I didn’t know it at the time) the last big gathering before COVID hit and everything here in Italy locked down. I never did post it back then, and am posting it now with hope that I will soon (with COVID numbers relatively low here in Tuscany and a vaccine on the horizon) be able to invite people to my home to enjoy an Italian aperitivo gathering. You can be sure this will be on the table!

Tuscan White Bean Spread

375 - 400 grams cannellini beans, rinsed and drained

3 good sized cloves of roasted garlic (or 2 cloves finely minced raw garlic)

2 teaspoons flat leaf parsley, finely minced

1/2 teaspoon sea salt

1/4 teaspoon coarse or medium ground black pepper

2 teaspoons fresh lime or lemon juice (or more to taste)

2-3 tablespoons good olive oil

1 baguette of Italian bread

In a medium size bowl, mash cannellini beans with a fork.

Add garlic, parsley, salt, pepper, and lime (or lemon) juice. Mix with fork to blend.

Stir in 2 tablespoons olive oil, adding another tablespoon slowly to achieve a nice spreading consistency.

This is a very flexible recipe - adjust the quantities to suit your tastebuds! If you like a smooth consistency, mash the beans to a paste, if you like a little more texture, then make a more coarse mash.

Cut bread into thin slices, lightly toast, and drizzle with olive oil. I don’t recommend rubbing the bread with garlic as there is plenty of garlic flavor in the bean spread - but if you love, love, love garlic then go right ahead and rub the toasted bread with it.

A Winter Without Carnevale

It should be starting this week - the annual late winter celebration of Carnevale. Unfortunately, the on-going COVID crisis has forced cancellation or delay of the festivities, including the two best known events here in Italy - Venice (cancelled) and Viareggio (postponed until fall).

Venice 2020

In the past few years, I’ve experienced both the craziness and political / social mischief of the Viareggio celebration (photos below) and the drama and elegance of the festivities in Venice.

Last year I enjoyed Venice during the opening weekend of Carnevale, just before the first wave of virus arrived in Italy and shut it all down. What an air of excitement! Such a spectacular weekend - from the opening night time water parade with its aerial performers and light shows (below), to the next morning’s parade of boats on the Grand Canal, to all the costumed and masked people in the Piazza San Marco. And - though it seems strange this year - we didn’t worry at all about crowd size and we still found the idea of masks charming (those masks being a huge step up from this year’s standard Covid ones). Carnevale is Venice’s big annual event and this year, without the spectacles, the glamour, the balls and visitors, will have a huge impact - economic, cultural, and psychological.

Last February, I think we all expected that by 2021 things would have returned to normal and we would once again be celebrating Carnevale in the usual way. But - here we are a year later, approaching the season of Lent without Carnevale celebrations to usher it in.

This week I found many of the traditional Carnevale sweets in the pastry shop windows, but that seemed sad knowing that all the events were canceled. Still - I felt it my civic duty to purchase some (any excuse for a sweet, right?)

As I returned home with my Carnevale mask cookies on a cold, rainy, late January day, I soon found myself looking at photos of past Carnevale events. The photos reminded me of the exuberance of Carnevale and all of a sudden the day didn’t seem so dreary. I hope these photos might brighten your winter day too.

And let’s all hope that, by next year, Carnevale will return. I imagine the floats and costumes will seem even more grand after a year’s absence.

San Quirico d'Orcia

The small villages in the Val d’Orcia have much in common.  They sit on hilltops and look out over rolling hills, olive groves, vineyards, and cypress trees. They are often fortified by city walls, the legacy of ancient conflicts. The street plans are mostly Medieval, often with a single main street and a large main piazza ringed with stone and brick buildings. They are filled with churches large and small.

Classic Val d’Orcia scenes, in the village of San Quirico

And the history!  From Etruscan tombs to Roman roads, from Medieval streetscapes to World War II bombs, the history of these villages is rich and fascinating.  That they have so much in common, and yet each village has its own unique character, makes a trip through this area especially wonderful. Think of Monticchiello with its Teatro Povero and stone houses, Montalcino with its famed Brunello wine and steep streets, Bagno Vignoni with its thermal pools, and Pienza - the perfect Renaissance city - with its pretty houses and flowers filled window boxes.

 San Quirico d’Orcia is yet another of the villages found in the Val d’Orcia. Named after a martyred child saint, it lies between Montalcino and Pienza, situated along the ancient Via Francigena, the pilgrim’s route between Canterbury and Rome.  Today, modern pilgrims and adventurous walkers still pass through San Quirico as they follow the ancient path. Other tourists arrive more conventionally by car and stay to enjoy the many things that make this a most pleasant spot.

The ancient wall around San Quirico

Most of the wall surrounding the city remains, with 2 gates providing entrance to the historic center of town and several of the former watchtowers still standing (though now repurposed, some into tall and narrow homes).  The Porta Cappuccini is the old and most historic gate – a lovely way to enter the town.

 The best way to explore San Quirico is to simply wander.  A stroll along the main street, Via Dante Alighieri, takes you both along the route of the Via Francigena and past most of the main sights in town. At one end, just inside the city walls, is the Collegiata Church (12th century) with its interesting shape, three very different entrances, and beautiful bell tower.  

The Collegiata Church (also known as the church of Santi Quirico e Giulitta)

Further down the street is the church of San Francesco, with its famous terracotta della Robbia madonna (moved here from the Chapel of the Vitaleta) and its combination bell and clock tower. In front of the church is the Piazza della Liberta`. This lively square is the center of town and a hub of activity.  It’s a great place to stop for a coffee or a glass of wine and to soak in the atmosphere. 

Piazza della Liberta` and the Church of San Francesco

In this square is also the entry to one of San Quirico’s special spaces – the Horti Leonini, a 16th century garden.  The centerpiece is a statue of Cosimo III di Medici. All around him is classic Italian garden design. 

Stepping back into the Piazza della Liberta`, and continuing down Via Dante Aligheri, are two of my favorite spots.  One, is a hidden courtyard which contains an old well and the pilgrim’s refuge the Ospedale della Scala.  The other, right on the street, is the small church of Santa Maria Assunta, which is over 1000 years old (but no interior photos allowed!)

The old well in front of the Ospedale della Scala

 It’s also fun to wander the small side streets.  On my most recent visit, during the height of the olive harvest, I found an active but very old frantoio (olive press) which was still using old stones to grind the olives.  The friendly staff invited me inside to watch the process.  The smell of the fresh olive oil was delicious!

And on a side street just along the church of San Francesco is the wonderful Trattoria al Vecchio Forno, built on the site of the old town bakery (forno).  I’ve eaten here on previous visits and it’s a place that never fails to please.  My lunch, a honey drizzled sformatino and a pappa al pomodoro, eaten outside in the garden on a warm fall day, was delicious.

 Heading back to Pienza, the Chapel of the Madonna of Vitaleta is visible from the road.  It is well worth the detour to stop and visit this tiny chapel, which is one of the most photographed spots in Tuscany.   The chapel itself is not usually open, but the surrounding vistas are spectacular.  

 San Quirico was the last stop on my trip through the Val d’Orcia.  There are so many other places left to explore, among them the famous wine towns of Montalcino and Montepulciano (which is just outside the Val d’Orcia) and also the gardens at La Foce.  

I guess I’d better start planning a return trip!